Impact of Wastewater from Sugar and Fertilizer Industries on Ghotki Feeder and Agricultural Fields

Abstract

This study investigates the environmental impact of untreated wastewater from sugar and fertilizer industries on the Ghotki Feeder and nearby agricultural fields in Ghotki District, Pakistan. With no effluent treatment facilities in place, the direct discharge of industrial wastewater has led to significant water and soil pollution. Analysis of water and soil samples revealed elevated levels of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, biological and chemical oxygen demand, chloride, sulfate, and sodium exceeding permissible limits set by FAO. Soil tests showed high sodium adsorption ratios and reduced organic matter, indicating potential harm to soil structure and crop productivity. The findings highlight the urgent need for wastewater treatment systems and stricter environmental regulations to protect the region’s agricultural sustainability and public health.