Understanding Gender-Based Challenges in Agricultural Innovation Adoption in Pakistan

Abstract

This  study  investigates  the  impact  of  gender  roles  on  the  adoption  of  agricultural innovations  in  Pakistan,  particularly  focusing  on  rice farming.  The  research  highlights the  significance  of  gender-sensitive  approaches  in  enhancing  agricultural  practices  and performance.  A  predominantly  male-headed  household  structure  (90.2%)  reflects  traditional gender norms, which influence the adoption and implementation of new farming techniques. Women,  primarily  engaged  in  household  work  (69.1%)  and  limited  agricultural  activities (30.1%),  face  substantial  barriers  due  to  socio-economic  and  cultural  factors,  including restricted  access  to  resources  and  technical  knowledge.Educational  disparities  are  notable, with  high  illiteracy  rates  among  both  men  (92%)  and  women  (96.2%)  over  17  years  old,  and lower  literacy  levels  in  young  children,  particularly  girls.  These  educational  gaps  exacerbate existing  economic  inequalities  and  hinder  the  adoption  of  innovative  practices.  Women’s involvement in income-generating activities is predominantly restricted to household work and limited  agricultural  labor,  highlighting  the  need  for  expanded  economic  opportunities  and access to alternative livelihoods.The study underscores the impact of traditional gender roles on labor division and innovation adoption. Children’s early involvement in agricultural and household  tasks  further  illustrates  the  socio-economic  pressures  faced  by  rural  families, affecting  their  educational  opportunities  and  perpetuating  poverty.  The  findings  advocate  for targeted  interventions  to  address  educational  and  economic  inequalities,  reduce  child  labor, and    promote    gender-sensitive    agricultural    innovations    to    enhance    socio-economic development in rural communities.